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新概念英语第2册 第23课#

课文内容#

英文原句 对话语境/翻译 语法说明(含动词变化)
I had a letter from my sister yesterday. 我昨天收到来自姐姐的一封信 动词:have → had
时态:一般过去时
结构:主语+动词过去式
说明:表示过去发生的动作。
She lives in Nigeria. 她住在尼日利亚 动词:live → lives
时态:一般现在时
结构:主语+动词三单形式
说明:描述客观事实或习惯。
In her letter, she said that she would come to England next year. 在她的信中,她说明年她将会来英国 主句动词:say → said(一般过去时)
从句动词:will → would(过去将来时),come(原形)
结构:主句+that+宾语从句
说明:主句为一般过去时,从句用过去将来时,表示在过去某时对将来的预测。
If she comes, she will get a surprise. 如果她来,她将会得到一个惊喜 条件从句动词:come → comes(一般现在时)
主句动词:will get(一般将来时)
结构:if引导条件状语从句
说明:第一类条件句,条件从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。
We are now living in a beautiful new house in the country. 我们现在住在乡下一个漂亮的新房子里 动词:live → are living
时态:现在进行时
结构:主语+be动词+动词-ing
说明:表示正在进行的动作。
Work on it had begun before my sister left. 在我姐姐离开之前,这个房子的工作就已经开始了 主句动词:begin → had begun(过去完成时)
从句动词:leave → left(一般过去时)
结构:主句+before+时间状语从句
说明:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。
The house was completed five months ago. 这个房子是在五个月之前完成的 动词:complete → was completed(一般过去时被动语态)
结构:主语+was/were+过去分词
说明:被动语态,强调动作的承受者。

语法重点#

  1. 时态运用
  2. 过去时:had, said
  3. 一般现在时:lives (单三形式)
  4. 过去将来时:would come
  5. 现在进行时:are living
  6. 过去完成时:had begun

  7. 被动语态

  8. was completed (房子被完成)

  9. 固定短语

  10. get a surprise 得到惊喜
  11. work on 在...方面工作

课文朗读练习#

连读练习:
I had a letter from my sister yesterday. She lives in Nigeria. In her letter, she said that she would come to England next year. If she comes, she will get a surprise. We are now living in a beautiful new house in the country. Work on it had begun before my sister left. The house was completed five months ago.

语法结构分析图#

graph TD
    A["新概念英语第2册第23课<br/>语法结构分析"] --> B["时态系统"]
    A --> C["语态系统"]
    A --> D["句型结构"]

    B --> B1["过去时<br/>had, said"]
    B --> B2["一般现在时<br/>lives (单三)"]
    B --> B3["过去将来时<br/>would come"]
    B --> B4["现在进行时<br/>are living"]
    B --> B5["过去完成时<br/>had begun"]

    C --> C1["主动语态<br/>I had a letter"]
    C --> C2["被动语态<br/>was completed"]

    D --> D1["条件句<br/>If she comes..."]
    D --> D2["宾语从句<br/>she said that..."]
    D --> D3["时间状语<br/>before my sister left"]

    B1 --> E["表示过去发生的动作"]
    B2 --> F["表示客观事实"]
    B3 --> G["表示过去时间看将来"]
    B4 --> H["表示现在正在进行"]
    B5 --> I["表示过去之前完成"]

    style A fill:#e1f5fe
    style B fill:#f3e5f5
    style C fill:#e8f5e8
    style D fill:#fff3e0